Property Distribution

Marital property typically includes assets and income acquired by either spouse during the marriage, regardless of whose name appears on the title. Examples include real estate, vehicles, retirement accounts, investment portfolios, and business interests developed after the marriage.

Courts consider such property jointly owned because both spouses are presumed to have contributed—financially or otherwise—to its accumulation and maintenance.

Separate property refers to assets owned before the marriage or acquired individually through gifts or inheritances during the marriage. It also includes compensation for personal injuries and assets explicitly protected by a valid prenuptial or postnuptial agreement.

However, maintaining the separate status of these assets requires clear documentation. Once they are mixed or used jointly, they may lose their protected status and be deemed marital.

Common examples include:

• - Using marital funds to pay off a mortgage or improve a home owned before marriage

- Combining personal inheritance money into a joint investment account

- Using one spouse’s business income to enhance or maintain the other’s separate asset

When commingling occurs, courts often analyze the intent of the parties, the source of funds, and the degree of mixing to decide whether the property retains its separate character or becomes marital in part or in full.

Our attorneys assist clients in tracing the origin of funds and assets to establish clear property boundaries. This process may involve forensic accountants, financial records, and detailed testimony to prove whether an asset should be considered separate or marital.

Key elements include:

• - Debt and liabilities: How marital debts are allocated alongside assets

- Each spouse’s financial condition: Current income, earning capacity, and future prospects

- Contributions to education or career: Support given to one spouse’s career advancement or education

- Health status: Physical or mental conditions impacting future earning ability

- Tax impact: Potential capital gains or income tax burdens resulting from asset division

- Behavior of the parties: Misuse of marital assets or conduct affecting the economic partnership

Courts weigh these factors collectively, aiming for fairness rather than strict mathematical equality. A spouse who made non-financial contributions—such as raising children or supporting the household—can still receive a substantial share of marital assets.

For family-owned businesses or professional practices, we help determine ownership structure, market value, and each spouse’s contribution. Whether through negotiated settlement or court determination, we ensure valuations reflect both tangible and intangible factors such as goodwill and reputation.

Retirement assets like 401(k)s, pensions, and stock options are marital property to the extent they were earned during the marriage. We assist in preparing Qualified Domestic Relations Orders (QDROs) to divide such accounts while preserving tax-deferred status and avoiding penalties.

Marital debt includes loans, credit card balances, and mortgages accumulated during the marriage. Even if a debt is in one spouse’s name, courts may divide responsibility if it was used for family benefit.

Debts incurred before the marriage, or for clearly individual purposes (e.g., gambling or personal misconduct), are typically assigned to the responsible spouse. Our attorneys help document and argue for proper debt attribution in contested cases.

Our lawyers represent clients in settlement negotiations, helping reach balanced agreements that reflect both financial realities and personal priorities. Settlement agreements are then formalized into binding court orders.

When amicable resolution is not possible, we provide assertive courtroom representation—presenting clear financial analysis and persuasive arguments to achieve fair results.